Ground-mounted photovoltaics are an excellent solution for individuals who cannot install solar panels on their roof but still want to benefit from renewable energy. A key component that impacts the efficiency and durability of the installation is the support structure for the photovoltaic panels. This article discusses how to choose the right structure to ensure reliable system performance for years to come.
What is a Support Structure for Photovoltaic Panels?
A support structure serves as the foundation of a ground-mounted PV installation on which the panels are mounted. A high-quality support system ensures stability, resistance to weather conditions, and the appropriate tilt angle of the panels, which directly impacts their efficiency. The choice of a PV structure should be tailored to the terrain’s characteristics and the installation requirements.
Types of Support Structures for Photovoltaic Systems
The choice of ground-mounted PV structure depends on several factors, such as the type of terrain, location, and installation needs. Here are the most popular types of systems:
- Fixed Structure – A simple and durable structure, ideal for areas with stable ground. The fixed tilt angle provides reliability but may not be optimal for varying lighting conditions throughout the year.
- Adjustable Tilt Structure – Allows for adjusting the tilt angle of the panels depending on the season, which increases system efficiency. This solution is suitable for areas where maximizing energy production is a priority.
- Solar Tracker System – An advanced system that automatically adjusts the position of the panels to follow the sun’s movement, ensuring maximum efficiency. It is particularly effective for large installations where energy output optimization is crucial.
Materials Used in Ground-Mounted PV Structures
Support structures for photovoltaics should be made from durable materials resistant to weather conditions. The most commonly used materials include:
- Stainless Steel – Highly resistant to corrosion and durable, ideal for structures exposed to harsh weather.
- Galvanized Steel – Features a zinc coating that increases resistance to moisture and corrosion. Structures made from this material are often chosen due to their good price-to-quality ratio.
- Steel with Anti-Corrosion Coating (e.g., Magnelis, Zamex, Posmac) – Advanced protective coatings provide even greater resistance to environmental and chemical factors, making structures exceptionally durable in harsh conditions.
- Aluminum – A lightweight and durable material that is resistant to corrosion. Aluminum structures are easy to install and work well for installations requiring flexibility.
- Plastics – Mainly used as supplementary elements in structures, such as brackets, covers, or mounting components. Plastics are resistant to moisture, corrosion, and some chemicals, and they are lightweight and easy to handle.
Optimal Tilt Angle for Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Panels
The tilt angle of PV panels is crucial for the efficiency of the installation. In Poland, the optimal angle ranges from 25 to 40 degrees, depending on geographical location. Adjustable-tilt structures allow for seasonal panel positioning, maximizing energy yields throughout the year.
How to Choose the Right Ground-Mounted PV Structure
When selecting a support structure for a photovoltaic installation, consider the following aspects:
- Type of Ground – Hard ground requires less advanced foundations, while soft terrain may need additional anchoring or stabilization.
- Weather Conditions – In regions with heavy snowfall or strong winds, it is essential to choose structures that can withstand extreme conditions.
- Cost and Quality – A high-quality PV structure is an investment for years to come. It is worth choosing proven materials and products with long warranties.
- Functionality – Additional features, such as tilt angle adjustment or solar tracking systems, can significantly improve the installation’s efficiency.
Installation of Support Structures for PV Systems
Installing photovoltaic support structures requires careful site preparation and precise execution. A stable foundation and proper anchoring are key to the system’s durability. It is advisable to hire experienced professionals who can ensure the correct installation and optimal panel positioning.
Ground-Mounted Photovoltaics – Benefits and Applications
Ground-mounted photovoltaics offer greater flexibility in panel positioning and easy system access for maintenance. Unlike rooftop installations, they do not burden the building structure and can be installed over larger areas, allowing for higher system capacity.
With a well-chosen support structure, ground-mounted PV installations can operate efficiently and reliably for many years, ensuring a steady supply of green energy.
